The banking crisis, bank by bank

Bank Distress Watch

Behind the sector-wide non-performing-loan figure sits a smaller set of institutions doing most of the damage. This is the distress layer of the government twin: each loss-making bank with its financial position, the central bank's interventions, the capital it is trying to raise, and the events of the last quarter, every line traced to a primary source.

57
scheduled banks tracked
6
reporting a net loss
Tk 10,145 cr
their combined net loss
840
primary sources behind the file

Loss-making banks

Janata Bank PLC socb, state-owned
Tk 3,931 cr loss
FY2025

Janata Bank closed FY2025 with a net loss of Tk 3,931 crore and classified loans of Tk 72,800 crore, the second-highest NPL stock among all scheduled banks. Its capital adequacy ratio had turned deeply negative (interim June 2025: -84%, capital deficit Tk 57,330 crore), and its five-year recovery plan was rejected by Bangladesh Bank as 'unrealistic'. The bank is a primary target of BB's nine-SOCB-into-two consolidation plan announced January 2026. ACC investigations into Beximco (Tk 5,734 crore, 11 cases), AnonTex (Tk 7,737 crore), and Crescent Group loans are ongoing, with Salman F Rahman questioned on remand in February 2026.

Bangladesh Bank actions

  • Bangladesh Bank rejected Janata Bank's five-year capital recovery action plan as 'unrealistic' (announced December 2024); Agrani, BASIC, and Rupali plans were also rejected simultaneously.
  • Bangladesh Bank nine-SOCB-into-two consolidation plan announced 2026-01-21 by Governor Ahsan H Mansur; recommendation forwarded to Ministry of Finance; Janata Bank is one of the most distressed targets given its capital deficit of Tk 57,330 crore (June 2025).
  • Bangladesh Bank set single-borrower exposure limits that Janata violated with Beximco (approx. Tk 24,682 crore), AnonTex, and Crescent; BB directed legal action in 2018 probe of AnonTex that was never implemented.

Capital actions

  • Janata Bank requested Tk 20,000 crore emergency bailout from the interim government and Bangladesh Bank (undated, circa 2025) to maintain cash flow and depositor confidence; no formal government injection confirmed as of May 2026.
  • Capital deficit expanded from Tk 12,400 crore (June 2023) to Tk 57,330 crore (June 2025); CAR was -84% as of June 2025 against mandatory 12.5% minimum.

Recent events

  • 2026-01-08 fraud ACC approved filing cases against Beximco Vice Chairman Salman F Rahman and 21 others over alleged embezzlement and money laundering of Tk 136.98 crore from Janata Bank via Export Development Fund facilities and back-to-back LCs in favour of Beximco-linked companies; total exposure across 11 ACC cas
  • 2026-01-21 policy Bangladesh Bank Governor Ahsan H Mansur announced plan to consolidate all nine state-owned banks into two large entities; BB submitted recommendation to the Ministry of Finance; Janata Bank, as one of the four state-owned commercial banks with the highest capital shortfall and NPL, is directly affec
  • 2026-02-01 lawsuit ACC questioned Salman F Rahman on a four-day remand before the Dhaka Metropolitan Senior Special Judge's Court in the Janata Bank EDF loan fraud case; ACC team led by Deputy Director Muhammad Zainal Abedin conducted the interrogation.

17 primary sources · full profile

Bangladesh Krishi Bank specialized
Tk 2,385 cr loss
FY2022-23
Assets Tk 41,353 cr Deposits Tk 40,571 cr Loans Tk 32,048 cr NPL 27.51%

BKB holds the largest capital shortfall of any scheduled bank in Bangladesh at Tk 29,804 crore (September 2025), vs. Tk 18,188 crore at end-2024; NPLs surged from Tk 4,329 crore (June 2024) to Tk 17,538 crore (June 2025); the bank is pursuing a Tk 10,318 crore zero-coupon bond at 4% yield over 10 years (approval pending as of verification date); no cash recapitalisation injected under BNP government (sworn 2026-02-17); FY26 agri disbursement target is Tk 6,000 crore.

Bangladesh Bank actions

  • BB Agricultural Credit Policy FY2025-26: total sector target Tk 39,000 crore; BKB sub-target Tk 6,000 crore (BKB + RAKUB + Sonali collectively ~34.5% of total)
  • BB loan-classification tightening (March 2025): default trigger reduced from 9 months to 3 months, accelerating BKB NPL recognition
  • BB CMSME circular (March 2025): CMSME loans to reach 25% of total outstanding credit by end-2025; BKB at 19% (Tk 6,641 crore of Tk 35,337 crore) as of November 2025, disqualifying it from BB incentive financing

Capital actions

  • BKB capital shortfall: Tk 18,188 crore (end-2024) -> Tk 29,161 crore (June 2025) -> Tk 29,804 crore (September 2025) -- highest individual-bank shortfall in Bangladesh
  • Authorized capital raised from Tk 1,500 crore to Tk 5,000 crore by interim government gazette (November 1, 2024) -- no cash injection, ceiling change only

Recent events

  • 2026-02-12 other BKB received the Remittance Award-2025 from the Ministry of Expatriates' Welfare and Overseas Employment, ranking 4th among all banks in remittance collection for FY2024-25; MD Sanchia Binte Ali accepted the award.
  • 2026-03-15 audit BB-disclosed data showed BKB's NPLs surged to Tk 17,538 crore (BDT 175.38 billion) by June 2025, up from Tk 4,329 crore at June 2024 -- a four-fold increase driven by tightened loan-classification norms (default trigger reduced from 9 months to 3 months in March 2025) and unmasking of previously con
  • 2026-03-30 regulatory action BB data confirmed BKB held the highest capital shortfall of any scheduled bank in Bangladesh at Tk 29,804 crore as of September 2025, up from Tk 29,161 crore (June 2025) and Tk 18,188 crore (end-2024); no direct cash recapitalisation has been confirmed under either the interim or the BNP government.

20 primary sources · full profile

AB Bank PLC pcb conventional, DSE-listed
Tk 1,906 cr loss
FY2024
Assets Tk 40,987 cr Deposits Tk 32,292 cr Loans Tk 33,185 cr

AB Bank is Bangladesh's most distressed listed private commercial bank: classified as DSE Market Category Z (distressed), suffering a BDT 4,298 crore capital shortfall and BDT 1,906 crore net loss in FY2024. Post-forensic audit as of September 2025, approximately 84% of outstanding loans (BDT 30,138 crore of BDT 35,982 crore) were classified as non-performing. The bank received a BDT 1,500 crore emergency liquidity loan from Bangladesh Bank in November 2025 (total BB debt BDT 2,270 crore) after a deposit run drained BDT 842 crore since September 2025. Bangladesh Bank has withheld dividend approval. The AT-1 perpetual bond (ABBLPBOND) listed on DSE is the primary capital-building instrument. New MD/CEO Syed Mizanur Rahman (effective May 5, 2025) and new Chairman Kaiser A. Chowdhury (effective May 15, 2025) are leading recovery efforts.

Bangladesh Bank actions

  • Bangladesh Bank withheld dividend payout approval for AB Bank for FY2024 under March 2025 circular barring banks with NPL above 10% and those using provisioning deferral facilities from paying dividends.
  • Bangladesh Bank extended BDT 1,500 crore emergency liquidity loan to AB Bank on November 16, 2025 at 11.50% interest rate (approved by BB Governor Ahsan H Mansur); this follows BDT 780 crore in three earlier BB borrowing phases, bringing total BB debt to BDT 2,270 crore.
  • Bangladesh Bank commissioned a foreign forensic auditor under the Banking Reform Task Force; auditor completed an asset quality review that uncovered BDT 20,023 crore in previously undisclosed bad loans by September 2025.

Capital actions

  • BDT 600 crore AT-1 Perpetual Bond (ABBLPBOND) approved by BSEC; BDT 571 crore actually raised (BDT 540 crore private placement + BDT 31 crore public issue); bond disclosed via PSI on April 29, 2026.
  • Capital shortfall of BDT 4,298 crore reported at end of FY2024, well below regulatory minimum CAR of 12.5%; AB Bank plans strategic investor capital injection as part of recovery plan.

Recent events

  • 2026-04-29 bond issue AB Bank disclosed PSI regarding its BDT 600 crore Additional Tier-1 Perpetual Bond (ABBLPBOND; actual raise BDT 571 crore: BDT 540 crore private placement + BDT 31 crore public issue); bond is unsecured, non-cumulative, contingent-convertible, coupon rate 20-year T-bond rate + 2.0% margin (floor 6%,
  • 2026-04-30 earnings AB Bank released 44th AGM notice with audited financial statements for FY2025 and unaudited Q1 2026 results as price-sensitive disclosures; Q1 2026 basic EPS stood at -9.220 BDT per share, indicating the bank's losses continued into 2026.
  • 2026-05-17 other AB Bank held its 836th Board Meeting; PSI disclosed per DSE listing requirements.

15 primary sources · full profile

National Bank PLC pcb conventional, DSE-listed
Tk 1,707 cr loss
FY2024
Assets Tk 57,475 cr Deposits Tk 36,740 cr Loans Tk 43,442 cr NPL 60.5%

National Bank is Bangladesh's most severely distressed private bank. FY2024 net loss of Tk1,706 crore (third consecutive annual loss; Tk6,457 crore cumulative 3-year loss); NPL at 60.5% of total disbursements as of Dec 2024 per Bangladesh Bank data; capital shortfall Tk7,798 crore at end-2024 (highest among private banks); provision shortfall Tk21,921 crore as of March 2025 (highest private-sector). Board reconstituted multiple times since 2023. New MD Adil Chowdhury (ex-Bank Asia President) joined July 2025. Recovery mission in progress; BB and government guarantee no depositor losses.

Bangladesh Bank actions

  • Bangladesh Bank dissolved National Bank board on 2023-12-21 ousting Sikder family; Syed Ferhat Anwar (IBA professor) appointed chairman.
  • Bangladesh Bank dissolved board again on 2024-05-14; appointed Alhaj Khalilur Rahman as interim chairman.
  • Bangladesh Bank dissolved board again on 2024-08-20; new 7-member board formed; Abdul Awal Mintoo elected chairman on 2024-08-22.

Capital actions

  • Capital shortfall at Dec 2024: Tk7,798 crore (highest among private sector banks per Dhaka Tribune/TBS reports on sector-wide shortfall).
  • Shareholders equity collapsed from Tk23,505 million (FY2023) to Tk3,687 million (FY2024); negative retained earnings of Tk-28,944 million.

Recent events

  • 2026-02-28 appointment Prof. Dr. Melita Mehjabeen (Independent Director, PhD from Alliance Manchester Business School) elected Chairman of National Bank PLC at the 539th Board meeting, replacing Minister Abdul Awal Mintoo who resigned upon taking ministerial office.
  • 2026-03-31 appointment Bangladesh Bank appointed Tabith Awal and Nazneen Ahmad as new directors of National Bank PLC under Section 45 and 47(3) of Bank Companies Act 1991.
  • 2026-04-30 dividend Board meeting confirmed no dividend for FY2024, extending dividend drought to four consecutive years.

22 primary sources · full profile

IFIC Bank PLC pcb conventional, DSE-listed
Tk 121 cr loss
FY2024
Assets Tk 57,148 cr Deposits Tk 46,420 cr Loans Tk 44,888 cr NPL 38.0%

IFIC Bank is in deep crisis: FY2024 consolidated net loss of Tk 121 crore, NPL of 38% (revealed by new board vs. fabricated 4.5% under Salman F Rahman), capital shortfall of Tk 9,029 crore at end-2024, and Bangladesh Bank-granted forbearance for Tk 17,000 crore provision shortfall; deposit recovery is underway and lending resumed April 2025.

Bangladesh Bank actions

  • Bangladesh Bank dissolved IFIC Bank's board on 4 September 2024, removing Salman F Rahman's influence; appointed six-member reform board.
  • Bangladesh Bank granted IFIC Bank a 5-year forbearance for its Tk 17,000 crore provision shortfall as of early 2025, conditional on reform progress.
  • Capital shortfall confirmed at Tk 9,029 crore as of December 2024 per Bangladesh Bank data on 19 banks with capital deficits.

Capital actions

  • MD Syed Mansur Mustafa confirmed plans to seek government capital injection given government's 32.75% ownership stake.
  • No dividend recommended for FY2024 (compared to 5% stock dividend in 2023) due to consolidated net loss.

Recent events

  • 2024-09-04 regulatory action Bangladesh Bank dissolved IFIC Bank's board, which had been controlled by Salman F Rahman, an adviser to the ousted Sheikh Hasina government, and appointed a six-member reform board including four independent directors and two government representatives.
  • 2024-09-08 appointment Md. Mehmood Husain elected Chairman of IFIC Bank at the first meeting of the reconstituted board; Syed Mansur Mustafa continues as MD; bank begins reform programme.
  • 2025-04-01 circular IFIC Bank resumed fresh lending after a months-long freeze caused by liquidity pressures and regulatory restrictions following the August 2024 governance crisis; focus on export-oriented borrowers.

14 primary sources · full profile

ICB Islamic Bank PLC pcb islamic, DSE-listed
Tk 95 cr loss
FY2024
Assets Tk 924 cr Deposits Tk 1,088 cr Loans Tk 742 cr NPL 91.0%

ICB Islamic Bank is effectively under Bangladesh Bank administration as of April 9, 2025. Its board was dissolved due to critical financial failure: 91% of investments classified as of end-2024, accumulated losses of Tk2,145.80 crore as of September 2025, shareholders' equity deeply negative (Tk-13,815 million FY2024 per stockanalysis.com). The bank was excluded from the November 2025 Sammilito Islami Bank merger (which absorbed 5 other troubled Islamic banks) due to unresolved ownership litigation involving ICB Financial Group and local conglomerates. Three independent directors appointed May 18, 2026 to stabilize governance under the administrator. No dividend paid in over two decades.

Bangladesh Bank actions

  • January 2024: Bangladesh Bank rejected ICBIBL's plea for Tk500 million liquidity support without collateral; existing BB liability stood at Tk4,250 million.
  • November 2024: Bangladesh Bank removed MD Muhammad Shafiq Bin Abdullah following investigation into fund embezzlement.
  • April 9, 2025: Board dissolved; administrator Mamunur Rahman (BB Executive Director) appointed April 21, 2025.

Capital actions

  • Shareholders' equity deeply negative: Tk-13,815 million (FY2024), Tk-14,276 million (Sep 2025 TTM) per stockanalysis.com. Paid-up capital Tk6,647.02 million entirely eroded by accumulated losses.
  • Accumulated losses exceeded Tk21,000 million by end-2025.

Recent events

  • 2025-04-09 regulatory action Bangladesh Bank dissolved the ICB Islamic Bank board of directors to protect depositors and ensure governance. Cited: severe capital and provisioning shortfall, high volume of classified investments, accumulated losses, management instability, and liquidity crisis.
  • 2025-04-21 appointment Bangladesh Bank appointed Mamunur Rahman, its Executive Director, as administrator of ICB Islamic Bank with full powers of the managing director. Bank disclosed the development to DSE.
  • 2025-05-18 appointment Bangladesh Bank appointed three independent directors: A.K.M. Ehsan (ex-BB Executive Director), Muhammad Hafizur Rahman (chartered accountant, partner KM Hasan and Company), and Mahmudul Amin Masud (ex-Deputy MD Agrani Bank).

15 primary sources · full profile

Also under heavy regulatory and market activity

Banks not in net loss but with the most central-bank and market events in the last 90 days (activity 8 or higher of 10).

Islami Bank Bangladesh PLC activity 10/10

IBBL is in an acute and worsening crisis.

Sammilito Islami Bank PLC activity 9/10

As of May 2026, Sammilito Islami Bank PLC is operationally active across 761 branches but faces a leadership vacuum (both chairman and MD/CEO posts vacant since March 2026), legal uncertainty over the merger (SIBL and EXIM Bank seeking to e

Agrani Bank PLC activity 8/10

Agrani Bank is in acute financial distress: NPLs rose to Tk 27,932 crore (38% of total loans) as of December 2024 and Tk 29,720 crore (41.35%) by March 2025, with capital held at only Tk 1,752 crore against a Tk 9,444 crore minimum requirem

Bank Alfalah Limited (Bangladesh Operations) activity 8/10

Sale to Bank Asia approved by both sides' shareholders as of March-April 2026.

NRBC Bank PLC activity 8/10

NRBC Bank is under a fully reconstituted independent-director board following Bangladesh Bank's March 2025 intervention.

The Premier Bank PLC activity 8/10

Premier Bank is in deep financial and governance distress.

Rupali Bank PLC activity 8/10

Rupali Bank is under active regulatory pressure: a BB Bank Supervision Department inspection (published April 2026) found $1.87 billion in forced loans and 46 foreign-exchange irregularities; its NPL ratio stood at 41.6% (Tk 21,357 crore) a

Sonali Bank PLC activity 8/10

Sonali Bank closed 2025 with record operating profit (Tk 8,017 crore) and net profit (Tk 1,313 crore), and for the first time in years eliminated its capital shortfall to post a Tk 83 crore surplus.

Method and sources

Source: the BDPolicyLab Bank Watch tracker, 57 scheduled banks compiled from bank disclosures, Dhaka Stock Exchange price-sensitive filings, Bangladesh Bank circulars and credit-rating documents, and reported news, each record carrying its own source list (840 sources in total). A bank appears here when its latest reported financial year closed in a net loss; figures are as reported and are crore taka unless noted. Where a statutory ratio (NPL, capital adequacy) is not retrievable from an accessible primary source it is left blank rather than estimated. For every scheduled bank, distress-ranked, see Bank Watch.